Heat exchanger



April 5, 1932- c. c. HANSEN 1,853,000

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed March 2, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 4 INVENTQR w @5158 CHAA/sE/V ATTOR: Ys

April 5, 1932.

c. c. HANSEN 1,853,000

HEAT EXCHANGER Filed March 2; 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 w? i i 1; J8 5a 20-H INVENTOR CHARLES C/iwvsav April 5, 1932.

c, c. HANSEN HEAT EXCHANGER Filed March 2, l929 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 IINVENTOR 694K156 CHA/vsE/v NEYS Patented Apr. 1932 onannns c. Hansen, orscorn. ORANGE, NEW'JERSEY. nssrenoa ro nnsirrnnon .ernn oovn new YORKJAMES 1 near nxcrmnenn i Application filed March 2,1829. Serial 1 10.3418,2362.

The invention. relates particularly to heat exchangers in whichia fluidmedium isvcirculated through a hollow heat exchange element, and oneobject'of the invention is to pro- 5' vide a noveland improvedsupporting means for such an element adapted to accommodate the relativeexpansion and contraction of the element and certain'part's of thesupporting means.

Certain features of particularly to heat exchangers of thetypecomprising acasing adapted for the circulation of a fluid mediumtherethrough and a hollow element mounted in the casing and adapted forthe circulation of a fluid medium of a different temperaturetherethrough. This construction is particularly adapted to be employedin water heaters and condensers. In heat exchangersof this type, on ac-ZOeount of the difl'erences in temperature between the element andthecasing-relative expansion and contraction occur between said element andthe casing. The pipe connections I for introducing the fiuid medium intothe ele'- formed by. said connectionspassing through this casing, and ithas been a difficult problem in connection with heat exchangers ofthistype to'support the element within the casing-in such a manner as toaccommodatethis' relative expansion and contraction of the casingand'the elerhent, and at the same time maintain fluid-tight connectionsbetween the parts. i j

Anotherobjectof the present inventionis to improvethe construction andmode of operation of heat exchangers of the latter type and to produce aheat exchanger of this character having improved devices for supportingthe element in the casing to accommodate the relative expansion andcontraction of the same.

Other objects of the invention are to imrove the construction of heatexchangers of ferent installations.

the invention relate ment are attached to the casing, the conduit thelatter type referred to above with a view ticularly pointed out in theclaims, the advantages of which will be readily understood andappreciated bythose skilled in the art.

I The invention will be clearly understood from the accompanyingdrawings illustrating the invention in its preferred form and the 3?following detailed description of the 0011-,

structions therein shown.

In the drawingsv Figure l is a view partly in vertical section andpartlyin front elevation'of a heat exchanger embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially ontheline12-2 ofFig. 1; I

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the heat exchanger;

Fig. at is a detail view in side elevation illustrating one'of the partsof the heat exchanger;

Fig, 5 is a sectional View taken substantial.- ly onthe line 5- 5.ofFig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 66 ofFig. 4c;and 1 a Fig. 7 is a view in side elevation of the heat exchanger. 1 i Inthe construction illustrated in the drawings of thisapplication, theheat exchanger embodies a casing, indicated as a whole at 1 constructedfor. the reception of a fluid me dium andcomprising end members or heads7 2 and d'and a central member or jacket 6. This CitSll'lg'lS providedat its opposite ends with openings 8 and 10 in the head members, 5 thewalls of which-openings are preferably threaded-to receive pipes throughwhich the fluid medium maybe delivered to and dis-' charged from thecasing. Each of these openings is" adapted toserve either as an inlet ora discharge opening asdesired.

The member 6-of the casing is provided withopenings 12and 1 1', theywalls of which are also preferably threaded to receive pipes fordelivering the fluid medium to'and dis:-. charging thesame from thecasing. Each of the openings 8,10, '12 and 14 may be em-- ployed eitherfor the connection of a supply or a discharge pipe and in anyinstallation,

the opening or openings which are not in use may be closed by suitableplugs.

Mounted within the casing is a hollow element indicated as a whole at 15for the reception of a fluid medium of a different temperature. Thiselement comprises a series of chambered or hollow sections 16 preferablymade of sheet metal and arranged in parallel relation, as shown in Figs.1 and 2. The opposite ends of the sections 16 are connected by devicesconstructed to provide a passageway or conduit through which the fluidmedium may be delivered to and discharged from the several sections.Each of the sections is provided with a pipe fitting 18 having tubularportions 20 passing through suitable openings in the sheet metal of asection 16 and spaced flanges 22 engaging the sheet metal of saidsections about said opening within the sections. The sections areconnected by rings 24 threaded upon the adjacent tubular portions of thepipe fittings 18.

The sections 16 are preferably made of sheet brass and the rings orcollars 24 are preferably made of cast bronze or brass. In order to forma tight joint between each of the rings and the sheet metal of theadjacent section, a washer 26 preferably made of copper, is interposedbetween each of the rings and the adjacent sections 16.

The element 15 made up by the several sections 16 is mounted within andsupported by the casing 1. On account of the difference in temperaturebetween the fluid medium introduced into the casing 1 and the fluidmedium flowing through said element, relative expansion and contractionwill take place between the element and the casing. To accommodate thisrelative expansion and contraction, each end of the element is supportedupon the casing in such a manner that the casing and element may moverelatively to compensate for the relative expansion and contrac tion ofthe same. The element, in the construction shown in the drawings, has afourpoint support within the casing upon swingsupports pivoted to turnupon axes which are fixed with relation to the casing. The devices whichsupport the element upon the casing also preferably constitute pipeconnections for delivering the fluid medium to and discharging the samefrom the element.

Each end of the element 15 is supported upon the casing by means ofhollow arms pivoted to the casing and also pivoted to the element. Eachof these arms indicated as a whole at 27, comprises a pipe member 28engaging in a bearing carried by one of the heads of the casing 1 and anarm member 30 into which the inner end of the pipe member 28 isthreaded. The inner end of each of the arm members 30 is threaded uponthe tubular portion 20 of the adjacent pipe fitting 18. The arm members,as well as the pipe members 28, are preferably made of cast bronze orbrass and in order to form a tight joint, a copper Washer 26 ispreferably inserted between the inner face of the arm member and theadjacent face of the outside section 16.

This construction provides a fluid-tight bearing between the inner endof each of the arms and the adjacent pipe fitting 18, and at the sametime enables the arm to turn readily with relation to the pipe fitting.The threads connecting the adjacent pipe fitting 18 and the arm member30 are of relatively low pitch and the turning movement of the armmember upon the pipe fitting produced by the relative expansion orcontraction of the casing 1 and the element 15 is not sufficient toallow any leakage between the arm and the element. The pipe member 28 ofeach pivoted arm is arranged to rotate in a corresponding bearing on thecasing 1, this bearing being constructed so as to provide a fluidtightjoint between the arm and the casing. To this end, the casing about eachpipe member 28 is provided with outer and inner beveled surfaces withwhich rings 36 and 38 surrounding the pipe member and havingcorrespondingly beveled surfaces are respectively arranged to engage.The ring 36 is interposed between the outer beveled surface on thecasing and a shoulder on the pipe member 28, and the ring 38 isinterposed between the inner beveled surface on the casin and the outerface of the arm member 30. With this construction, the pipe member 28may be threaded into the arm member 30 with suflicient tightness toprevent the leakage of fluid from the casing 1 about the pipe member 28without interfering with the rotation of the arm 27 Within the bearingon the casing. The casing is preferably made of cast bronze or brass andthe rings 36 and 38 are preferably made of steel which has a much lowerco-efiicient of expansion than brass, when heated. The contact of steelwith brass enables tight joints to be secured without undue friction.

With the above construction, each end of the element within the casing 1is supported by two hollow swinging arms, each pivoted to the casing andto the element. Each of these arms is pivoted to turn about the axis ofone of the pipe members 28 and is also pivoted to the element to turnrelatively thereto about the axis of the adjacent pipe fitting 18. Thisconstruction enables each end of the element to move readily relativelyto the casing longitudinally of the casing. The swinging arms providepipe connections for delivering the fluid medium to and for dischargingthe same from the interior of the element.

Each of the pipe members 28 is preferably threaded to receive a pipe fordelivering the fluid medium to or discharging the fluid medium from thecasing. Preferably, when the device is in operation, only the diagonallyop- LEI delivery and dischargepipes respectively and.

the upper left and lower right-hand pipe members 28 may tl'ien beclosed. This set-up PI'OVIClGS a passage of maximum: length for thefluid throughthe element-andalso enables efiicient circulation of thefluid through the element to be produced. v g

The construction illustrated in this applh cation maybe efficientlyemployed in heating systems in which water is circulated through theelementwithin the casing and steam is in-] troduced into the casing forheating the water during its passage through said element. The steamintroduced into the casing may be live steam from a boiler or othersuitable source, or exhaust steam from a power plant. Instead of steam,hot water, or bothsteam and hot water may be introduced into the outerThe present construction may be installed in connection with anindustrial. or

domestic heating plant and the steam or hot water, or steam and hotwater, may be derived from' the boiler of the plant.

The central casing member 6 is connected to the'heads of the casing so-as to enable said central member to be adjusted angularly about theaxisof the casing. This enables the openings 12 and 14 to be locatedindiderent' positions with relation to the heads, as found necessary ordesirable for different installa tions. This will enable the deliveryanddischarge pipes for the casing to: be located in different positionswith relation to the heads. The connection between each ofthe heads andthe central member of the casing also is such as to enable each head tobe attached tothe casing in either of two positions 18 apart withrelation to the central member or other head of the casing Thecentralmember 6 of the casing is provided at itsends with out-turnedflanges 4-0 which are engaged by ont turned flanges formed on the headsof the casing-- Each end of the central member 6 is secured to one ofthe heads by bolts 4% passing tl'lrough open ings in the flanges -42 on"the heads and through slots d6 in flanges d0. lhe slots in the flanges40 and the openings in the flanges 42 are located so thatthe centralmember may be attached to the heads in a numberof difier ent angularpositions about the axis of the casing. In the construction shown, thebolt holes and slots are equally spaced about they bodied in other heat;exchangers.

headfi may be attached to the central member in a position such as thatin which the head member would be placed by turningthe same about thea-Xis'of the casing 180 from the position shown in Fig. 1. Thisprovision for relative adjustment of the head members en ables theopenings 8 and 10 to be located in different relative positions and maybe found of considerable convenience in different installations.- g

Each of the sections 16 of the hollow element are constructed so thatthe fluid, in flowing through the same, will follow a tortuous pathsEach of the sections 16comprises spaced sheet metalside walls 48securedto gether at their margins 50 preferably by welding... In order toprovide baliles within these sections, the side walls of tnesections arealso secured together preferably by welding along the elongated contactareas indi- These-elongated areas are arcated at .52. ranged instaggered relation longitudinally of each section,as shown in Fig. 4 sothat the.

fluid, in passing from one end of a section to theother, is'forced tofollow a tortuous path; These baffles will retard the speed of flow ofthe fluid through each section of the element 'ElIlCliWlll increasethelength-of the vpath; of

the fluid through the section. The heat exchange between the-fiuidandthewalls ofthe sect-ion will be thereby correspondingly increased.

In] certain instances, the steam used in heating systems of. thischaracter,- particularly the exhaust steam from boilers, containsforeignmatter, such as oil OI'ICELI'bOH particles. It has been foundthat a large part of this foreign matter may be removed from thesteam bycausingthe steam topass through relatively small apertures In, thepresent construction, some of the carbon, oil and other foreign matterfrom the steam will be depositedon the bodies of the sections 16 which.form bafiles engaged by the steam dur ing its passage through thecasing. In order to remove still more of the oiland foreign matter fromthe steam, each of the sections 16 is provided with elongated relativelynarrow transverse openings 54preferably. extending vthrough the areasalongiwhichthe side walls of the sections are attached. With thisconstruction, the steam in passing through the casing will pass throughthese relatively long narrow openings and a considerable part of the oiland other foreign matter will be deposited onthesection's 16; during itspassage through these openings.

Although the inventionvhas been illustrated and described as embodied ina heat excianger comprising an outer casing vand an element mountedwithin the casing, it is to be understood that certain features of theinvention are not limited to this particular form of exchanger, but thatthey may be em- It is to be understood that the invention is not limitedto the particular construction and arrangement of parts of theillustrated embodiment of the invention, but that the invention may beembodied in other forms within the scope of the claims.

Having explained the nature and object of the invention, and havingspecifically describeda construction embodying the invention in itspreferred form, what is claimed is:

1. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a chambered element mounted within the casing for thereception of a fluid medium of a different temperature, and means forsupporting the element within the casing comprising a swing-supportpivoted to the casing to turn on an axis fixed with relation to thecasing.

2. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a chambered element for the reception of a fluid mediumof a different temperature mounted within the casing, and means forsupporting the element within the casing, comprising a member connectedto the element and pivoted to the casing to turn on a bearing fixed withrelation to the casing.

3. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a chambered element mounted within the casing for thereception of a fluid medium of a different temperature, and means forsupporting the element within the casing, providing a multiple-pointsupport for the element comprising swing-supp0rts connected with theelement and pivoted to the casing to turn on axes fixed with relation tothe casing.

4. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a hollow element mounted within the casing for thereception of a fluid medium of a different temperature, and means forsupporting the element within the casing comprising a hollow arm pivotedto said casing and to said element and forming a pipe connection forsaid element.

5. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a hollow element mounted within the casing for thereception of a fluid medium of a different temperature, means forsupporting the element within the casing comprising a hollow arm pivotedto said casing, and a fluid-tight bearing between one end of said armand said casing and a fluidtight hearing between the other end of saidarm and said element.

6. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a hollow element mounted within the casing for thereception of a fluid medium of a different temperature, means forsupporting the element within the casing comprising a swinging arm ateach end of the element pivoted respectively to the element and to saidcasing and forming a pipe connection for the element.

7. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, a hollow element mounted within the casing for thereception of a fluid medium of a different temperature, and means forsupporting the element within the casing, comprising two hollow swingingarms for supporting each end of the element, a fluidtight bearingbetween each arm and the casing, and a fluid-tight bearing between eacharm and the element.

8. A heat exchanger having in combination a casing for the reception ofa fluid medium, an element mounted within the casing for the receptionof a fluid medium of a different temperature, and means for supportingthe element within the casing to permit relative expansion of the casingand element, comprising a swinging arm pivoted to the element and to thecasing.

9. In a heat exchange device, a heat exchange element for the receptionof a heat exchange medium, means for supporting said element comprisinga swinging arm to accommodate the relative expansion and contraction ofthe element and certain parts of the supporting means.

10. In a heat exchange device, a heat exchange element and means forsupporting the same, comprising a hollow swinging arm forming a pipeconnection for said element and arranged to accommodate by its movementthe expansion and contraction of the element with relation to certainparts of the supporting means, and a fluid tight bearing between saidarm and the element.

11. A heat exchanger having a casing comprising a head, a hollow heatexchange element mounted in said casing, means secured to the head andconnected with said element for conducting a fluid heat exchange medium,a casing body, means for connecting a conduit to said body for thepassage of a fluid heat exchange medium of a different temperature, andmeans for securing together the casing head and body in differentpositions with relation to each other.

12. A heat exchanger having an outer casing for the passage of a fluidheat exchange medium and comprising relatively adjustable sections, ahollow heat exchange element for the passage of a fluid heat exchangemedium of a different temperature mounted in and wholly enclosed by saidcasing, means secured to one of the sections of the casing and to saidelement for conducting the latter fluid medium, means for connectinganother section of the casing to a conduit for conducting the firstfluid medium, and means for securing together the two sections of thecasing in different positions with relation to each other.

13. A heat exchanger, comprising an outer casing for the circulation ofa fluid medium, an inner element for the circulation of a fluid mediumof a different temperature mounted v in the casingand comprising one ormore sections each vhaving longitudinal passages arranged in staggeredrelation longitudinally of the element through which the fluid in saidelement flows successively, and transing for the circulation of a fluidmedium and an lnner element for thecircula-tion of a fluid medium of adifferent temperature having sheet metal side Walls and elongatedbaflies formed by inwardly bent portions of the side walls and dividingthe element into elongated longitudinal passages, the walls of which aresubstantially surrounded by the A fluid medium in the outer casing.

Signed at New York, N. Y. this 27th day of February 1929.

CHARLES HANSEN.

